For Full-Energy-Chain (FENCH) analysis is required for comparison of different energy options in power sector with respect to greenhouse gas emissions to facilitate energy planning and taking policy decisions. The greenhouse gas emission factors (GHEFs) of the raw materials flowing into the different energy sources at different stages such as construction (steel &cement) and selection of materials for the equipments (steel, aluminum, copper), are also important to calculate the overall greenhouse gas emissions, including non-CO2 emissions such as CF4, N2O, etc). The GHEFs (IAEA data) in the units of gm CO2 equivalent per gm of some of the greenhouse gas intensive materials are given here:
Cement : 0.76
Concrete : 1.95
Steel : 2.2
Aluminum : 34.2
Copper : 3.5
Silicon : 181
Glass : 1.2
Nitric acid : 1.4
Plastics : 7.9
As could be seen, silicon and glass (used in solar energy system) are highly GHG intensive material. Similarly, aluminum is extensively used in nuclear energy. GHG emissions control should start right from Cradle to Grave, i.e., Full Energy Chain.
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